President Barack Obama hailed the vote, saying: "We'll begin reopening our government immediately, and we can begin to lift this cloud of uncertainty from our businesses and the American people."
Emerging pact would ease dual crises that have sapped confidence in the economy.
Senate's Democratic and Republican leaders closed in on a deal to avoid default.
Latest snag in Congress talks comes as 350,000 federal workers remain idle.
The United States moved perilously closer to an economy-rattling default.
President Obama insists the "moment is now" to create a path to citizenship for the 11 million people living in the United States illegally.
National Labor Relations Board has been in limbo since a federal appeals court invalidated the president's recess appointments to the agency.
Comes after White House bowed to demands from left and right that it place limits on controversial drone program.
Flurry of meetings with GOP leaders just hours before sequester of spending cuts kicks in speaks to lingering hope for major bipartisan deal.
State of the Union will appeal for new spending and tax hikes to meet fiscal challenges, guaranteeing virulent Republican opposition.
